S. M. Hali
On October 1, 2025, the People’s Republic of China celebrates its 76th National Day. From its founding in 1949 under Chairman Mao Zedong to its present status as the world’s second-largest economy and a rising global power, China’s journey has been nothing short of extraordinary. This anniversary is not merely a commemoration of history; it is a celebration of resilience, innovation, and the vision of a nation determined to shape its destiny.
Tremendous Progress Across Sectors
Defence Technology
China has made remarkable strides in defence technology, transforming from a largely agrarian society in the mid-20th century into a formidable military power. Its advancements in hypersonic missiles, naval shipbuilding, stealth aircraft, and cyber capabilities have placed it among the world’s leading defence innovators. The modernization of the People’s Liberation Army (PLA) reflects President Xi Jinping’s call for a “world-class military by mid-century.”
Space Research
China’s space program has become a symbol of national pride and scientific prowess. From the Chang’e lunar missions to the Tianwen-1 Mars rover, China has demonstrated its ability to compete with the most advanced spacefaring nations. In 2025, the China National Space Administration announced intensive missions, including the Tianwen-2 asteroid exploration and the Shenzhou-20 and 21 crewed spacecraft. The Tiangong space station now orbits Earth as a hub for international collaboration, while China’s plans for an International Lunar Research Station underscore its long-term vision.
Science, Technology, and Medicine
China’s investments in artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and biotechnology are reshaping global innovation. Its rapid development of COVID-19 vaccines and medical equipment during the pandemic highlighted its growing role in global health. Chinese hospitals and research centres are now at the forefront of gene therapy, precision medicine, and telehealth solutions, offering models for developing nations.
Construction and Infrastructure
China’s prowess in construction is visible worldwide. From the world’s longest bridges and fastest trains to entire smart cities, Chinese engineers have redefined the limits of infrastructure. Domestically, projects like the South-North Water Transfer Project and high-speed rail networks showcase the scale of ambition. Internationally, the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has connected Asia, Africa, and Europe through ports, highways, and railways.
Vehicle Manufacturing
China has emerged as the global leader in electric vehicles (EVs), with companies like BYD and NIO challenging Western giants. Its dominance in battery technology and EV exports reflects a commitment to green development. As Xi Jinping has emphasized, “Lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets,” underscoring the link between environmental protection and economic growth.
A Personal Witness to China’s Transformation
This scribe has had the privilege of visiting China nearly three score times over the past decades. Each visit revealed new dimensions of progress, from the bustling skylines of Shanghai and Shenzhen to the cultural treasures of Xi’an and Hangzhou. These experiences inspired several books: China’s Stories—China’s Success, Gleaming Gems of Chinese Culture, Road to Leadership—Xi Jinping, and 100 Years of the Communist Party of China.
Through these works, I sought to capture the essence of a nation that blends ancient wisdom with modern dynamism. As Confucius once said, “Study the past if you would define the future.” China has embodied this principle, drawing strength from its heritage while embracing innovation.
Xi Jinping’s Global Initiatives
President Xi Jinping has articulated a vision for China’s role in the world through four landmark initiatives:
Global Development Initiative (GDI): Proposed in 2021, it focuses on poverty alleviation, food security, climate change, and digital economy, aligning with the UN’s 2030 Agenda.
Global Security Initiative (GSI): Launched in 2022, it advocates “common, comprehensive, cooperative, and sustainable security,” rejecting Cold War mentalities and emphasizing dialogue over confrontation.
Global Civilization Initiative (GCI): Announced in 2023, it promotes respect for cultural diversity and mutual learning among civilizations.
Global Governance Initiative (GGI): Introduced in 2025, it calls for a more just and equitable international order, rooted in sovereign equality and multilateralism.
Together, these initiatives reflect Xi’s oft-repeated assertion: “The world is undergoing changes unseen in a century, and China must contribute its wisdom and strength to building a community with a shared future for mankind.”
The Miracle of the Century: Poverty Alleviation
Perhaps the most remarkable achievement of modern China is the eradication of absolute poverty. In 2021, Xi Jinping declared victory in lifting nearly 800 million people out of poverty—a feat the World Bank hailed as “the greatest poverty reduction achievement in history.” This “miracle of the century” not only transformed lives but also demonstrated the effectiveness of China’s governance model.
As Xi noted, “Ensuring that all people live a good life is the original aspiration and mission of the Communist Party of China.” This success has inspired developing nations worldwide to study China’s poverty alleviation strategies.
Looking Ahead: 2049 and the Chinese Dream
China’s long-term vision is encapsulated in the “Two Centenary Goals.” The first, achieved in 2021, was building a moderately prosperous society in all respects. The second, set for 2049—the centenary of the People’s Republic—is to establish China as a “great modern socialist country” that is prosperous, strong, democratic, culturally advanced, harmonious, and beautiful.
By then, China aims to be a moderate global power, not through hegemony but through shared prosperity and peaceful development. As Xi has emphasized, “China will never seek hegemony or expansion, no matter how strong it becomes.”
Global Impact and Responsibility
China’s rise has global implications. Its technological innovations are reshaping industries, its infrastructure projects are connecting continents, and its diplomatic initiatives are offering alternatives to Western-led frameworks. Yet, with power comes responsibility. The world looks to China not only for economic opportunities but also for leadership in addressing climate change, pandemics, and global inequality.
Chinese scholar Yan Xuetong observed, “The measure of a great power is not only its strength but its ability to provide public goods to the world.” By this measure, China’s contributions to peacekeeping, renewable energy, and South-South cooperation are significant steps toward responsible leadership.
Conclusion: Celebrating 76 Years of Progress
As China marks its 76th National Day, it stands at a crossroads of history. Its achievements in defence, space, science, medicine, construction, and vehicle manufacturing are testaments to the vision of its leaders and the hard work of its people. Its eradication of absolute poverty is a beacon of hope for humanity. Its global initiatives reflect a commitment to building a fairer, more inclusive world order.
Having witnessed China’s transformation firsthand through numerous visits and chronicled its journey in my books, I can attest to the dynamism and determination that define this nation. The road ahead will not be without challenges, but China’s trajectory is clear: toward innovation, prosperity, and global leadership.
On this 76th National Day, let us celebrate not only China’s past achievements but also its future promise. As Xi Jinping has said, “The Chinese Dream is about the pursuit of the well-being of the people, and the rejuvenation of the nation.”
May China continue to shine as a beacon of resilience, wisdom, and progress—an inspiration for the world in the 21st century.
